const ConfigHeader = @This();

const std = @import("std");
const Io = std.Io;
const Configuration = std.Build.Configuration;
const Writer = std.Io.Writer;

const Step = @import("../Step.zig");
const Maker = @import("../../Maker.zig");

pub fn make(
    config_header: *ConfigHeader,
    step_index: Configuration.Step.Index,
    maker: *Maker,
    progress_node: std.Progress.Node,
) Step.ExtendedMakeError!void {
    const graph = maker.graph;
    const arena = maker.graph.arena; // TODO don't leak into process arena
    const step = maker.stepByIndex(step_index);
    const io = graph.io;

    if (config_header.style.getPath()) |lp|
        try step.singleUnchangingWatchInput(maker, arena, lp);

    var man = graph.cache.obtain();
    defer man.deinit();

    // Random bytes to make ConfigHeader unique. Refresh this with new
    // random bytes when ConfigHeader implementation is modified in a
    // non-backwards-compatible way.
    man.hash.add(@as(u32, 0xdef08d23));
    man.hash.addBytes(config_header.include_path);
    man.hash.addOptionalBytes(config_header.include_guard_override);

    var aw: Writer.Allocating = .init(arena);
    defer aw.deinit();
    const bw = &aw.writer;

    const header_text = "This file was generated by ConfigHeader using the Zig Build System.";
    const c_generated_line = "/* " ++ header_text ++ " */\n";
    const asm_generated_line = "; " ++ header_text ++ "\n";

    switch (config_header.style) {
        .autoconf_undef, .autoconf_at => |file_source| {
            try bw.writeAll(c_generated_line);
            const src_path = file_source.getPath2(b, step);
            const contents = Io.Dir.cwd().readFileAlloc(io, src_path, arena, .limited(config_header.max_bytes)) catch |err| {
                return step.fail("unable to read autoconf input file {s}: {t}", .{ src_path, err });
            };
            switch (config_header.style) {
                .autoconf_undef => try render_autoconf_undef(step, contents, bw, &config_header.values, src_path),
                .autoconf_at => try render_autoconf_at(step, contents, &aw, &config_header.values, src_path),
                else => unreachable,
            }
        },
        .cmake => |file_source| {
            try bw.writeAll(c_generated_line);
            const src_path = file_source.getPath2(b, step);
            const contents = Io.Dir.cwd().readFileAlloc(io, src_path, arena, .limited(config_header.max_bytes)) catch |err| {
                return step.fail("unable to read cmake input file {s}: {t}", .{ src_path, err });
            };
            try render_cmake(step, contents, bw, config_header.values, src_path);
        },
        .blank => {
            try bw.writeAll(c_generated_line);
            try render_blank(gpa, bw, config_header.values, config_header.include_path, config_header.include_guard_override);
        },
        .nasm => {
            try bw.writeAll(asm_generated_line);
            try render_nasm(bw, config_header.values);
        },
    }

    const output = aw.written();
    man.hash.addBytes(output);

    if (try step.cacheHit(&man)) {
        const digest = man.final();
        config_header.generated_dir.path = try b.cache_root.join(arena, &.{ "o", &digest });
        return;
    }

    const digest = man.final();

    // If output_path has directory parts, deal with them.  Example:
    // output_dir is zig-cache/o/HASH
    // output_path is libavutil/avconfig.h
    // We want to open directory zig-cache/o/HASH/libavutil/
    // but keep output_dir as zig-cache/o/HASH for -I include
    const sub_path = b.pathJoin(&.{ "o", &digest, config_header.include_path });
    const sub_path_dirname = std.fs.path.dirname(sub_path).?;

    b.cache_root.handle.createDirPath(io, sub_path_dirname) catch |err| {
        return step.fail("unable to make path '{f}{s}': {s}", .{
            b.cache_root, sub_path_dirname, @errorName(err),
        });
    };

    b.cache_root.handle.writeFile(io, .{ .sub_path = sub_path, .data = output }) catch |err| {
        return step.fail("unable to write file '{f}{s}': {s}", .{
            b.cache_root, sub_path, @errorName(err),
        });
    };

    config_header.generated_dir.path = try b.cache_root.join(arena, &.{ "o", &digest });
    try man.writeManifest();
}

fn render_autoconf_undef(
    step: *Step,
    contents: []const u8,
    bw: *Writer,
    values: *const std.array_hash_map.String(Value),
    src_path: []const u8,
) !void {
    const build = step.owner;
    const allocator = build.allocator;

    var is_used: std.bit_set.Dynamic = try .initEmpty(allocator, values.count());
    defer is_used.deinit(allocator);

    var any_errors = false;
    var line_index: u32 = 0;
    var line_it = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, contents, '\n');
    while (line_it.next()) |line| : (line_index += 1) {
        if (!std.mem.startsWith(u8, line, "#")) {
            try bw.writeAll(line);
            try bw.writeByte('\n');
            continue;
        }
        var it = std.mem.tokenizeAny(u8, line[1..], " \t\r");
        const undef = it.next().?;
        if (!std.mem.eql(u8, undef, "undef")) {
            try bw.writeAll(line);
            try bw.writeByte('\n');
            continue;
        }
        const name = it.next().?;
        const index = values.getIndex(name) orelse {
            try step.addError("{s}:{d}: error: unspecified config header value: '{s}'", .{
                src_path, line_index + 1, name,
            });
            any_errors = true;
            continue;
        };
        is_used.set(index);
        try renderValueC(bw, name, values.values()[index]);
    }

    var unused_value_it = is_used.iterator(.{ .kind = .unset });
    while (unused_value_it.next()) |index| {
        try step.addError("{s}: error: config header value unused: '{s}'", .{ src_path, values.keys()[index] });
        any_errors = true;
    }

    if (any_errors) {
        return error.MakeFailed;
    }
}

fn render_autoconf_at(
    step: *Step,
    contents: []const u8,
    aw: *Writer.Allocating,
    values: *const std.array_hash_map.String(Value),
    src_path: []const u8,
) !void {
    const build = step.owner;
    const allocator = build.allocator;
    const bw = &aw.writer;

    const used = allocator.alloc(bool, values.count()) catch @panic("OOM");
    for (used) |*u| u.* = false;
    defer allocator.free(used);

    var any_errors = false;
    var line_index: u32 = 0;
    var line_it = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, contents, '\n');
    while (line_it.next()) |line| : (line_index += 1) {
        const last_line = line_it.index == line_it.buffer.len;

        const old_len = aw.written().len;
        expand_variables_autoconf_at(bw, line, values, used) catch |err| switch (err) {
            error.MissingValue => {
                const name = aw.written()[old_len..];
                defer aw.shrinkRetainingCapacity(old_len);
                try step.addError("{s}:{d}: error: unspecified config header value: '{s}'", .{
                    src_path, line_index + 1, name,
                });
                any_errors = true;
                continue;
            },
            else => {
                try step.addError("{s}:{d}: unable to substitute variable: error: {s}", .{
                    src_path, line_index + 1, @errorName(err),
                });
                any_errors = true;
                continue;
            },
        };
        if (!last_line) try bw.writeByte('\n');
    }

    for (values.entries.slice().items(.key), used) |name, u| {
        if (!u) {
            try step.addError("{s}: error: config header value unused: '{s}'", .{ src_path, name });
            any_errors = true;
        }
    }

    if (any_errors) return error.MakeFailed;
}

fn render_cmake(
    step: *Step,
    contents: []const u8,
    bw: *Writer,
    values: std.array_hash_map.String(Value),
    src_path: []const u8,
) !void {
    const build = step.owner;
    const allocator = build.allocator;

    var values_copy = try values.clone(allocator);
    defer values_copy.deinit(allocator);

    var any_errors = false;
    var line_index: u32 = 0;
    var line_it = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, contents, '\n');
    while (line_it.next()) |raw_line| : (line_index += 1) {
        const last_line = line_it.index == line_it.buffer.len;

        const line = expand_variables_cmake(allocator, raw_line, values) catch |err| switch (err) {
            error.InvalidCharacter => {
                try step.addError("{s}:{d}: error: invalid character in a variable name", .{
                    src_path, line_index + 1,
                });
                any_errors = true;
                continue;
            },
            else => {
                try step.addError("{s}:{d}: unable to substitute variable: error: {s}", .{
                    src_path, line_index + 1, @errorName(err),
                });
                any_errors = true;
                continue;
            },
        };
        defer allocator.free(line);

        const line_start = std.mem.findNone(u8, line, " \t\r") orelse {
            try bw.writeAll(line);
            if (!last_line) try bw.writeByte('\n');
            continue;
        };
        const whitespace_prefix = line[0..line_start];
        const trimmed_line = line[line_start..];

        if (!std.mem.startsWith(u8, trimmed_line, "#")) {
            try bw.writeAll(line);
            if (!last_line) try bw.writeByte('\n');
            continue;
        }

        var it = std.mem.tokenizeAny(u8, trimmed_line[1..], " \t\r");
        const cmakedefine = it.next().?;
        if (!std.mem.eql(u8, cmakedefine, "cmakedefine") and
            !std.mem.eql(u8, cmakedefine, "cmakedefine01"))
        {
            try bw.writeAll(line);
            if (!last_line) try bw.writeByte('\n');
            continue;
        }

        const booldefine = std.mem.eql(u8, cmakedefine, "cmakedefine01");

        const name = it.next() orelse {
            try step.addError("{s}:{d}: error: missing define name", .{
                src_path, line_index + 1,
            });
            any_errors = true;
            continue;
        };
        var value = values_copy.get(name) orelse blk: {
            if (booldefine) {
                break :blk Value{ .int = 0 };
            }
            break :blk Value.undef;
        };

        value = blk: {
            switch (value) {
                .boolean => |b| {
                    if (!b) {
                        break :blk Value.undef;
                    }
                },
                .int => |i| {
                    if (i == 0) {
                        break :blk Value.undef;
                    }
                },
                .string => |string| {
                    if (string.len == 0) {
                        break :blk Value.undef;
                    }
                },

                else => {},
            }
            break :blk value;
        };

        if (booldefine) {
            value = blk: {
                switch (value) {
                    .undef => {
                        break :blk Value{ .boolean = false };
                    },
                    .defined => {
                        break :blk Value{ .boolean = false };
                    },
                    .boolean => |b| {
                        break :blk Value{ .boolean = b };
                    },
                    .int => |i| {
                        break :blk Value{ .boolean = i != 0 };
                    },
                    .string => |string| {
                        break :blk Value{ .boolean = string.len != 0 };
                    },

                    else => {
                        break :blk Value{ .boolean = false };
                    },
                }
            };
        } else if (value != Value.undef) {
            value = Value{ .ident = it.rest() };
        }

        try bw.writeAll(whitespace_prefix);
        try renderValueC(bw, name, value);
    }

    if (any_errors) {
        return error.HeaderConfigFailed;
    }
}

fn render_blank(
    gpa: std.mem.Allocator,
    bw: *Writer,
    defines: std.array_hash_map.String(Value),
    include_path: []const u8,
    include_guard_override: ?[]const u8,
) !void {
    const include_guard_name = include_guard_override orelse blk: {
        const name = try gpa.dupe(u8, include_path);
        for (name) |*byte| {
            switch (byte.*) {
                'a'...'z' => byte.* = byte.* - 'a' + 'A',
                'A'...'Z', '0'...'9' => continue,
                else => byte.* = '_',
            }
        }
        break :blk name;
    };
    defer if (include_guard_override == null) gpa.free(include_guard_name);

    try bw.print(
        \\#ifndef {[0]s}
        \\#define {[0]s}
        \\
    , .{include_guard_name});

    const values = defines.values();
    for (defines.keys(), 0..) |name, i| try renderValueC(bw, name, values[i]);

    try bw.print(
        \\#endif /* {s} */
        \\
    , .{include_guard_name});
}

fn render_nasm(bw: *Writer, defines: std.array_hash_map.String(Value)) !void {
    for (defines.keys(), defines.values()) |name, value| try renderValueNasm(bw, name, value);
}

fn renderValueC(bw: *Writer, name: []const u8, value: Value) !void {
    switch (value) {
        .undef => try bw.print("/* #undef {s} */\n", .{name}),
        .defined => try bw.print("#define {s}\n", .{name}),
        .boolean => |b| try bw.print("#define {s} {c}\n", .{ name, @as(u8, '0') + @intFromBool(b) }),
        .int => |i| try bw.print("#define {s} {d}\n", .{ name, i }),
        .ident => |ident| try bw.print("#define {s} {s}\n", .{ name, ident }),
        // TODO: use C-specific escaping instead of zig string literals
        .string => |string| try bw.print("#define {s} \"{f}\"\n", .{ name, std.zig.fmtString(string) }),
    }
}

fn renderValueNasm(bw: *Writer, name: []const u8, value: Value) !void {
    switch (value) {
        .undef => try bw.print("; %undef {s}\n", .{name}),
        .defined => try bw.print("%define {s}\n", .{name}),
        .boolean => |b| try bw.print("%define {s} {c}\n", .{ name, @as(u8, '0') + @intFromBool(b) }),
        .int => |i| try bw.print("%define {s} {d}\n", .{ name, i }),
        .ident => |ident| try bw.print("%define {s} {s}\n", .{ name, ident }),
        // TODO: use nasm-specific escaping instead of zig string literals
        .string => |string| try bw.print("%define {s} \"{f}\"\n", .{ name, std.zig.fmtString(string) }),
    }
}

fn expand_variables_autoconf_at(
    bw: *Writer,
    contents: []const u8,
    values: *const std.array_hash_map.String(Value),
    used: []bool,
) !void {
    const valid_varname_chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_";

    var curr: usize = 0;
    var source_offset: usize = 0;
    while (curr < contents.len) : (curr += 1) {
        if (contents[curr] != '@') continue;
        if (std.mem.findScalarPos(u8, contents, curr + 1, '@')) |close_pos| {
            if (close_pos == curr + 1) {
                // closed immediately, preserve as a literal
                continue;
            }
            const valid_varname_end = std.mem.findNonePos(u8, contents, curr + 1, valid_varname_chars) orelse 0;
            if (valid_varname_end != close_pos) {
                // contains invalid characters, preserve as a literal
                continue;
            }

            const key = contents[curr + 1 .. close_pos];
            const index = values.getIndex(key) orelse {
                // Report the missing key to the caller.
                try bw.writeAll(key);
                return error.MissingValue;
            };
            const value = values.entries.slice().items(.value)[index];
            used[index] = true;
            try bw.writeAll(contents[source_offset..curr]);
            switch (value) {
                .undef, .defined => {},
                .boolean => |b| try bw.writeByte(@as(u8, '0') + @intFromBool(b)),
                .int => |i| try bw.print("{d}", .{i}),
                .ident, .string => |s| try bw.writeAll(s),
            }

            curr = close_pos;
            source_offset = close_pos + 1;
        }
    }

    try bw.writeAll(contents[source_offset..]);
}

fn expand_variables_cmake(
    allocator: Allocator,
    contents: []const u8,
    values: std.array_hash_map.String(Value),
) ![]const u8 {
    var result: std.array_list.Managed(u8) = .init(allocator);
    errdefer result.deinit();

    const valid_varname_chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789/_.+-";
    const open_var = "${";

    var curr: usize = 0;
    var source_offset: usize = 0;
    const Position = struct {
        source: usize,
        target: usize,
    };
    var var_stack: std.array_list.Managed(Position) = .init(allocator);
    defer var_stack.deinit();
    loop: while (curr < contents.len) : (curr += 1) {
        switch (contents[curr]) {
            '@' => blk: {
                if (std.mem.findScalarPos(u8, contents, curr + 1, '@')) |close_pos| {
                    if (close_pos == curr + 1) {
                        // closed immediately, preserve as a literal
                        break :blk;
                    }
                    const valid_varname_end = std.mem.findNonePos(u8, contents, curr + 1, valid_varname_chars) orelse 0;
                    if (valid_varname_end != close_pos) {
                        // contains invalid characters, preserve as a literal
                        break :blk;
                    }

                    const key = contents[curr + 1 .. close_pos];
                    const value = values.get(key) orelse return error.MissingValue;
                    const missing = contents[source_offset..curr];
                    try result.appendSlice(missing);
                    switch (value) {
                        .undef, .defined => {},
                        .boolean => |b| {
                            try result.append(if (b) '1' else '0');
                        },
                        .int => |i| {
                            try result.print("{d}", .{i});
                        },
                        .ident, .string => |s| {
                            try result.appendSlice(s);
                        },
                    }

                    curr = close_pos;
                    source_offset = close_pos + 1;

                    continue :loop;
                }
            },
            '$' => blk: {
                const next = curr + 1;
                if (next == contents.len or contents[next] != '{') {
                    // no open bracket detected, preserve as a literal
                    break :blk;
                }
                const missing = contents[source_offset..curr];
                try result.appendSlice(missing);
                try result.appendSlice(open_var);

                source_offset = curr + open_var.len;
                curr = next;
                try var_stack.append(Position{
                    .source = curr,
                    .target = result.items.len - open_var.len,
                });

                continue :loop;
            },
            '}' => blk: {
                if (var_stack.items.len == 0) {
                    // no open bracket, preserve as a literal
                    break :blk;
                }
                const open_pos = var_stack.pop().?;
                if (source_offset == open_pos.source) {
                    source_offset += open_var.len;
                }
                const missing = contents[source_offset..curr];
                try result.appendSlice(missing);

                const key_start = open_pos.target + open_var.len;
                const key = result.items[key_start..];
                if (key.len == 0) {
                    return error.MissingKey;
                }
                const value = values.get(key) orelse return error.MissingValue;
                result.shrinkRetainingCapacity(result.items.len - key.len - open_var.len);
                switch (value) {
                    .undef, .defined => {},
                    .boolean => |b| {
                        try result.append(if (b) '1' else '0');
                    },
                    .int => |i| {
                        try result.print("{d}", .{i});
                    },
                    .ident, .string => |s| {
                        try result.appendSlice(s);
                    },
                }

                source_offset = curr + 1;

                continue :loop;
            },
            '\\' => {
                // backslash is not considered a special character
                continue :loop;
            },
            else => {},
        }

        if (var_stack.items.len > 0 and std.mem.findScalar(u8, valid_varname_chars, contents[curr]) == null) {
            return error.InvalidCharacter;
        }
    }

    if (source_offset != contents.len) {
        const missing = contents[source_offset..];
        try result.appendSlice(missing);
    }

    return result.toOwnedSlice();
}

fn testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(
    allocator: Allocator,
    contents: []const u8,
    expected: []const u8,
    values: std.array_hash_map.String(Value),
) !void {
    var aw: Writer.Allocating = .init(allocator);
    defer aw.deinit();

    const used = try allocator.alloc(bool, values.count());
    for (used) |*u| u.* = false;
    defer allocator.free(used);

    try expand_variables_autoconf_at(&aw.writer, contents, values, used);

    for (used) |u| if (!u) return error.UnusedValue;
    try std.testing.expectEqualStrings(expected, aw.written());
}

fn testReplaceVariablesCMake(
    allocator: Allocator,
    contents: []const u8,
    expected: []const u8,
    values: std.array_hash_map.String(Value),
) !void {
    const actual = try expand_variables_cmake(allocator, contents, values);
    defer allocator.free(actual);

    try std.testing.expectEqualStrings(expected, actual);
}

test "expand_variables_autoconf_at simple cases" {
    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
    var values: std.array_hash_map.String(Value) = .init(allocator);
    defer values.deinit();

    // empty strings are preserved
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "", "", values);

    // line with misc content is preserved
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "no substitution", "no substitution", values);

    // empty @ sigils are preserved
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@", "@", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@@", "@@", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@@@", "@@@", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@@@@", "@@@@", values);

    // simple substitution
    try values.putNoClobber("undef", .undef);
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@undef@", "", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    try values.putNoClobber("defined", .defined);
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@defined@", "", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    try values.putNoClobber("true", Value{ .boolean = true });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@true@", "1", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    try values.putNoClobber("false", Value{ .boolean = false });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@false@", "0", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    try values.putNoClobber("int", Value{ .int = 42 });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@int@", "42", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    try values.putNoClobber("ident", Value{ .string = "value" });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@ident@", "value", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    try values.putNoClobber("string", Value{ .string = "text" });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@string@", "text", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    // double packed substitution
    try values.putNoClobber("string", Value{ .string = "text" });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@string@@string@", "texttext", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    // triple packed substitution
    try values.putNoClobber("int", Value{ .int = 42 });
    try values.putNoClobber("string", Value{ .string = "text" });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@string@@int@@string@", "text42text", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    // double separated substitution
    try values.putNoClobber("int", Value{ .int = 42 });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@int@.@int@", "42.42", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    // triple separated substitution
    try values.putNoClobber("true", Value{ .boolean = true });
    try values.putNoClobber("int", Value{ .int = 42 });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@int@.@true@.@int@", "42.1.42", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    // misc prefix is preserved
    try values.putNoClobber("false", Value{ .boolean = false });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "false is @false@", "false is 0", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    // misc suffix is preserved
    try values.putNoClobber("true", Value{ .boolean = true });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@true@ is true", "1 is true", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    // surrounding content is preserved
    try values.putNoClobber("int", Value{ .int = 42 });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "what is 6*7? @int@!", "what is 6*7? 42!", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    // incomplete key is preserved
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@undef", "@undef", values);

    // unknown key leads to an error
    try std.testing.expectError(error.MissingValue, testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@bad@", "", values));

    // unused key leads to an error
    try values.putNoClobber("int", Value{ .int = 42 });
    try values.putNoClobber("false", Value{ .boolean = false });
    try std.testing.expectError(error.UnusedValue, testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@int", "", values));
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();
}

test "expand_variables_autoconf_at edge cases" {
    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
    var values: std.array_hash_map.String(Value) = .init(allocator);
    defer values.deinit();

    // @-vars resolved only when they wrap valid characters, otherwise considered literals
    try values.putNoClobber("string", Value{ .string = "text" });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@@string@@", "@text@", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();

    // expanded variables are considered strings after expansion
    try values.putNoClobber("string_at", Value{ .string = "@string@" });
    try testReplaceVariablesAutoconfAt(allocator, "@string_at@", "@string@", values);
    values.clearRetainingCapacity();
}

test "expand_variables_cmake simple cases" {
    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
    var values: std.array_hash_map.String(Value) = .init(allocator);
    defer values.deinit();

    try values.putNoClobber("undef", .undef);
    try values.putNoClobber("defined", .defined);
    try values.putNoClobber("true", Value{ .boolean = true });
    try values.putNoClobber("false", Value{ .boolean = false });
    try values.putNoClobber("int", Value{ .int = 42 });
    try values.putNoClobber("ident", Value{ .string = "value" });
    try values.putNoClobber("string", Value{ .string = "text" });

    // empty strings are preserved
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "", "", values);

    // line with misc content is preserved
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "no substitution", "no substitution", values);

    // empty ${} wrapper leads to an error
    try std.testing.expectError(error.MissingKey, testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${}", "", values));

    // empty @ sigils are preserved
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@", "@", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@@", "@@", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@@@", "@@@", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@@@@", "@@@@", values);

    // simple substitution
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@undef@", "", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${undef}", "", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@defined@", "", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${defined}", "", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@true@", "1", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${true}", "1", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@false@", "0", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${false}", "0", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@int@", "42", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${int}", "42", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@ident@", "value", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${ident}", "value", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@string@", "text", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${string}", "text", values);

    // double packed substitution
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@string@@string@", "texttext", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${string}${string}", "texttext", values);

    // triple packed substitution
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@string@@int@@string@", "text42text", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@string@${int}@string@", "text42text", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${string}@int@${string}", "text42text", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${string}${int}${string}", "text42text", values);

    // double separated substitution
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@int@.@int@", "42.42", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${int}.${int}", "42.42", values);

    // triple separated substitution
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@int@.@true@.@int@", "42.1.42", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@int@.${true}.@int@", "42.1.42", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${int}.@true@.${int}", "42.1.42", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${int}.${true}.${int}", "42.1.42", values);

    // misc prefix is preserved
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "false is @false@", "false is 0", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "false is ${false}", "false is 0", values);

    // misc suffix is preserved
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@true@ is true", "1 is true", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${true} is true", "1 is true", values);

    // surrounding content is preserved
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "what is 6*7? @int@!", "what is 6*7? 42!", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "what is 6*7? ${int}!", "what is 6*7? 42!", values);

    // incomplete key is preserved
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@undef", "@undef", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${undef", "${undef", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "{undef}", "{undef}", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "undef@", "undef@", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "undef}", "undef}", values);

    // unknown key leads to an error
    try std.testing.expectError(error.MissingValue, testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@bad@", "", values));
    try std.testing.expectError(error.MissingValue, testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${bad}", "", values));
}

test "expand_variables_cmake edge cases" {
    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
    var values: std.array_hash_map.String(Value) = .init(allocator);
    defer values.deinit();

    // special symbols
    try values.putNoClobber("at", Value{ .string = "@" });
    try values.putNoClobber("dollar", Value{ .string = "$" });
    try values.putNoClobber("underscore", Value{ .string = "_" });

    // basic value
    try values.putNoClobber("string", Value{ .string = "text" });

    // proxy case values
    try values.putNoClobber("string_proxy", Value{ .string = "string" });
    try values.putNoClobber("string_at", Value{ .string = "@string@" });
    try values.putNoClobber("string_curly", Value{ .string = "{string}" });
    try values.putNoClobber("string_var", Value{ .string = "${string}" });

    // stack case values
    try values.putNoClobber("nest_underscore_proxy", Value{ .string = "underscore" });
    try values.putNoClobber("nest_proxy", Value{ .string = "nest_underscore_proxy" });

    // @-vars resolved only when they wrap valid characters, otherwise considered literals
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@@string@@", "@text@", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@${string}@", "@text@", values);

    // @-vars are resolved inside ${}-vars
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${@string_proxy@}", "text", values);

    // expanded variables are considered strings after expansion
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@string_at@", "@string@", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${string_at}", "@string@", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "$@string_curly@", "${string}", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "$${string_curly}", "${string}", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${string_var}", "${string}", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@string_var@", "${string}", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${dollar}{${string}}", "${text}", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@dollar@{${string}}", "${text}", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@dollar@{@string@}", "${text}", values);

    // when expanded variables contain invalid characters, they prevent further expansion
    try std.testing.expectError(error.MissingValue, testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${${string_var}}", "", values));
    try std.testing.expectError(error.MissingValue, testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${@string_var@}", "", values));

    // nested expanded variables are expanded from the inside out
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${string${underscore}proxy}", "string", values);
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${string@underscore@proxy}", "string", values);

    // nested vars are only expanded when ${} is closed
    try std.testing.expectError(error.MissingValue, testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@nest@underscore@proxy@", "", values));
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${nest${underscore}proxy}", "nest_underscore_proxy", values);
    try std.testing.expectError(error.MissingValue, testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "@nest@@nest_underscore@underscore@proxy@@proxy@", "", values));
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${nest${${nest_underscore${underscore}proxy}}proxy}", "nest_underscore_proxy", values);

    // invalid characters lead to an error
    try std.testing.expectError(error.InvalidCharacter, testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${str*ing}", "", values));
    try std.testing.expectError(error.InvalidCharacter, testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${str$ing}", "", values));
    try std.testing.expectError(error.InvalidCharacter, testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${str@ing}", "", values));
}

test "expand_variables_cmake escaped characters" {
    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
    var values: std.array_hash_map.String(Value) = .init(allocator);
    defer values.deinit();

    try values.putNoClobber("string", Value{ .string = "text" });

    // backslash is an invalid character for @ lookup
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "\\@string\\@", "\\@string\\@", values);

    // backslash is preserved, but doesn't affect ${} variable expansion
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "\\${string}", "\\text", values);

    // backslash breaks ${} opening bracket identification
    try testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "$\\{string}", "$\\{string}", values);

    // backslash is skipped when checking for invalid characters, yet it mangles the key
    try std.testing.expectError(error.MissingValue, testReplaceVariablesCMake(allocator, "${string\\}", "", values));
}