Eliminate rustc_attrs::builtin::handle_errors in favor of emitting errors directly
Suggested in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/116773#pullrequestreview-1691411257.
This `handle_errors` function is originally from https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/34531, in which it was useful because it allowed error messages and error codes (`E0542`) for multiple occurrences of the same error to be centralized in one place. For example rather than repeating this diagnostic in 2 places:
```rust
span_err!(diagnostic, attr.span, E0542, "missing 'since'");
```
one could repeat this instead:
```rust
handle_errors(diagnostic, attr.span, AttrError::MissingSince);
```
ensuring that all "missing 'since'" errors always remained consistent in message and error code.
Over time as error messages and error codes got factored to fluent diagnostics (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/100836), this rationale no longer applies. The new code has the same benefit while being less verbose (+73, -128).
```rust
sess.emit_err(session_diagnostics::MissingSince { span: attr.span });
```
r? `@cjgillot`
Matthias Krüger
6814eb1052