#[used] attribute
(For an explanation of what this feature does, read the commit message)
I'd like to propose landing this as an experimental feature (experimental as in:
no clear stabilization path -- like `asm!`, `#[linkage]`) as it's low
maintenance (I think) and relevant to the "Usage in resource-constrained
environments" exploration area.
The main use case I see is running code before `main`. This could be used, for
instance, to cheaply initialize an allocator before `main` where the alternative
is to use `lazy_static` to initialize the allocator on its first use which it's
more expensive (atomics) and doesn't work on ARM Cortex-M0 microcontrollers (no
`AtomicUsize` on that platform)
Here's a `std` example of that:
``` rust
unsafe extern "C" fn before_main_1() {
println!("Hello");
}
unsafe extern "C" fn before_main_2() {
println!("World");
}
#[link_section = ".init_arary"]
#[used]
static INIT_ARRAY: [unsafe extern "C" fn(); 2] = [before_main_1, before_main_2];
fn main() {
println!("Goodbye");
}
```
```
$ rustc -C lto -C opt-level=3 before_main.rs
$ ./before_main
Hello
World
Goodbye
```
In general, this pattern could be used to let *dependencies* run code before
`main` (which sounds like it could go very wrong in some cases). There are
probably other use cases; I hope that the people I have cc-ed can comment on
those.
Note that I'm personally unsure if the above pattern is something we want to
promote / allow and that's why I'm proposing this feature as experimental. If
this leads to more footguns than benefits then we can just axe the feature.
cc @nikomatsakis ^ I know you have some thoughts on having a process for
experimental features though I'm fine with writing an RFC before landing this.
- `dead_code` lint will have to be updated to special case `#[used]` symbols.
- Should we extend `#[used]` to work on non-generic functions?
cc rust-lang/rfcs#1002
cc rust-lang/rfcs#1459
cc @dpc @JinShil
similar to GCC's __attribute((used))__. This attribute prevents LLVM from
optimizing away a non-exported symbol, within a compilation unit (object file),
when there are no references to it.
This is better explained with an example:
```
#[used]
static LIVE: i32 = 0;
static REFERENCED: i32 = 0;
static DEAD: i32 = 0;
fn internal() {}
pub fn exported() -> &'static i32 {
&REFERENCED
}
```
Without optimizations, LLVM pretty much preserves all the static variables and
functions within the compilation unit.
```
$ rustc --crate-type=lib --emit=obj symbols.rs && nm -C symbols.o
0000000000000000 t drop::h1be0f8f27a2ba94a
0000000000000000 r symbols::REFERENCED::hb3bdfd46050bc84c
0000000000000000 r symbols::DEAD::hc2ea8f9bd06f380b
0000000000000000 r symbols::LIVE::h0970cf9889edb56e
0000000000000000 T symbols::exported::h6f096c2b1fc292b2
0000000000000000 t symbols::internal::h0ac1aadbc1e3a494
```
With optimizations, LLVM will drop dead code. Here `internal` is dropped because
it's not a exported function/symbol (i.e. not `pub`lic). `DEAD` is dropped for
the same reason. `REFERENCED` is preserved, even though it's not exported,
because it's referenced by the `exported` function. Finally, `LIVE` survives
because of the `#[used]` attribute even though it's not exported or referenced.
```
$ rustc --crate-type=lib -C opt-level=3 --emit=obj symbols.rs && nm -C symbols.o
0000000000000000 r symbols::REFERENCED::hb3bdfd46050bc84c
0000000000000000 r symbols::LIVE::h0970cf9889edb56e
0000000000000000 T symbols::exported::h6f096c2b1fc292b2
```
Note that the linker knows nothing about `#[used]` and will drop `LIVE`
because no other object references to it.
```
$ echo 'fn main() {}' >> symbols.rs
$ rustc symbols.rs && nm -C symbols | grep LIVE
```
At this time, `#[used]` only works on `static` variables.
rustc: Stabilize the `#![windows_subsystem]` attribute
This commit stabilizes the `#![windows_subsystem]` attribute which is a
conservative exposure of the `/SUBSYSTEM` linker flag on Widnows platforms. This
is useful for creating applications as well as console programs.
Closes#37499
This commit stabilizes the `#![windows_subsystem]` attribute which is a
conservative exposure of the `/SUBSYSTEM` linker flag on Widnows platforms. This
is useful for creating applications as well as console programs.
Closes#37499
`match { }` now (correctly?) indicates divergence, which results in more
unreachable warnings. We also avoid fallback to `!` if there is just one
arm (see new test: `match-unresolved-one-arm.rs`).
Remove internal liblog
This commit deletes the internal liblog in favor of the implementation that
lives on crates.io. Similarly it's also setting a convention for adding crates
to the compiler. The main restriction right now is that we want compiler
implementation details to be unreachable from normal Rust code (e.g. requires a
feature), and by default everything in the sysroot is reachable via `extern
crate`.
The proposal here is to require that crates pulled in have these lines in their
`src/lib.rs`:
#![cfg_attr(rustbuild, feature(staged_api, rustc_private))]
#![cfg_attr(rustbuild, unstable(feature = "rustc_private", issue = "27812"))]
This'll mean that by default they're not using these attributes but when
compiled as part of the compiler they do a few things:
* Mark themselves as entirely unstable via the `staged_api` feature and the
`#![unstable]` attribute.
* Allow usage of other unstable crates via `feature(rustc_private)` which is
required if the crate relies on any other crates to compile (other than std).
* Point at where the token was expected instead of the last token
successfuly parsed.
* Only show `unexpected token` if the next char and the unexpected token
don't have the same span.
* Change some cfail and pfail tests to ui test.
* Don't show all possible tokens in span label if they are more than 6.
```rust
error: expected one of `.`, `;`, `?`, `}`, or an operator, found `)`
--> $DIR/token-error-correct-3.rs:29:9
|
25 | foo()
| - expected one of `.`, `;`, `?`, `}`, or an operator after this
...
29 | } else {
| ^ unexpected token
```
```rust
struct S;
impl S {
pub hello_method(&self) {
println!("Hello");
}
}
fn main() { S.hello_method(); }
```
```rust
error: can't qualify macro invocation with `pub`
--> file.rs:3:4
|
3 | pub hello_method(&self) {
| ^^^- - expected `!` here for a macro invocation
| |
| did you mean to write `fn` here for a method declaration?
|
= help: try adjusting the macro to put `pub` inside the invocation
```
This commit deletes the internal liblog in favor of the implementation that
lives on crates.io. Similarly it's also setting a convention for adding crates
to the compiler. The main restriction right now is that we want compiler
implementation details to be unreachable from normal Rust code (e.g. requires a
feature), and by default everything in the sysroot is reachable via `extern
crate`.
The proposal here is to require that crates pulled in have these lines in their
`src/lib.rs`:
#![cfg_attr(rustbuild, feature(staged_api, rustc_private))]
#![cfg_attr(rustbuild, unstable(feature = "rustc_private", issue = "27812"))]
This'll mean that by default they're not using these attributes but when
compiled as part of the compiler they do a few things:
* Mark themselves as entirely unstable via the `staged_api` feature and the
`#![unstable]` attribute.
* Allow usage of other unstable crates via `feature(rustc_private)` which is
required if the crate relies on any other crates to compile (other than std).
Add diagnostic for incorrect `pub (restriction)`
Given the following statement
```rust
pub (a) fn afn() {}
```
Provide the following diagnostic:
```rust
error: incorrect restriction in `pub`
--> file.rs:15:1
|
15 | pub (a) fn afn() {}
| ^^^
|
= help: some valid visibility restrictions are:
`pub(crate)`: visible only on the current crate
`pub(super)`: visible only in the current module's parent
`pub(in path::to::module)`: visible only on the specified path
help: to make this visible only to module `a`, add `in` before the path:
| pub (in a) fn afn() {}
```
Follow up to #40340, fix#40599, cc #32409.
Given the following statement
```rust
pub (a) fn afn() {}
```
Provide the following diagnostic:
```rust
error: incorrect restriction in `pub`
--> file.rs:15:1
|
15 | pub (a) fn afn() {}
| ^^^^^^^
|
= help: some valid visibility restrictions are:
`pub(crate)`: visible only on the current crate
`pub(super)`: visible only in the current module's parent
`pub(in path::to::module)`: visible only on the specified path
help: to make this visible only to module `a`, add `in` before the path:
| pub (in a) fn afn() {}
```
Remove cruft from old `pub(path)` syntax.
HirId has a more stable representation than NodeId, meaning that
modifications to one item don't influence (part of) the IDs within
other items. The other part is a DefIndex for which there already
is a way of stable hashing and persistence.
This commit introduces the HirId type and generates a HirId for
every NodeId during HIR lowering, but the resulting values are
not yet used anywhere, except in consistency checks.
macros: improve the `TokenStream` quoter
This PR
- renames the `TokenStream` quoter from `qquote!` to `quote!`,
- uses `$` instead of `unquote` (e.g. `let toks: TokenStream = ...; quote!([$toks])`),
- allows unquoting `Token`s as well as `TokenTree`s and `TokenStream`s (fixes#39746), and
- to preserve syntactic space, requires that `$` be followed by
- a single identifier to unquote, or
- another `$` to produce a literal `$`.
r? @nrc
Add feature gate for rvalue-static-promotion
Probably needs more tests (which ones?) and there may be other things that need to be done. Also not sure whether the version that introduces the flag is really `1.15.1`.
See https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/1414.
Updates #38865.
Whenever we parse a chain of binary operations, as long as the first
operation is `<` and the subsequent operations are either `>` or `<`,
present the following diagnostic help:
use `::<...>` instead of `<...>` if you meant to specify type arguments
This will lead to spurious recommendations on situations like
`2 < 3 < 4` but should be clear from context that the help doesn't apply
in that case.
est31