Revert #152369 because of multiple regressions

The regressions are documented in the PR comments.
This reverts commit 2972b5e, reversing changes made to f908263.

compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0452.md

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-#### Note: this error code is no longer emitted by the compiler
 An invalid lint attribute has been given.
 
 Erroneous code example:
 
-```compile_fail
+```compile_fail,E0452
 #![allow(foo = "")] // error: malformed lint attribute
 ```